Patterns of economic growth and agreements on international trade both impact the economy, nationally and globally. This chapter compares alternative patterns of economic growth with a bilateral free trade agreement between India and the EU and a multilateral trade agreement in the context of the...

This chapter draws on the previous chapters of the report in order to derive the likely consequences for Serbia's agricultural and agri-food sectors should it become an EU member in five to seven years. Three groups of issues are explored in this chapter. The first set of issues relates to Serbia's ...

This chapter first presents a brief summary of the agricultural aspects of the eastern enlargement of the EU and the mid-term review (MTR) of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). It then provides a quantitative assessment of how the eastern enlargement and the MTR reform will affect agriculture in ...

This chapter presents an overview of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and shows how the policy has evolved over the past decade in response to external and internal pressures for reform. First, the objectives of the CAP are outlined, indicating changes in objectives over time. Second, the...

Following a detailed description of the 'Everything But Arms' (EBA) initiative in the EU's preferential trading framework, this chapter presents an economic assessment of the likely impact of EBA on the least developed countries (LDCs). It finds that EBA affects only a limited number of products,...

This chapter emphasizes direct trade in GM crops. It notes that two distinct groupings of countries are emerging in formulations of regulatory regimes for GM foods. One group is the EU 'club' where a combination of bans and restrictions on trade are being implemented. The second group is the North...

This chapter reviews the debate on direct payments within the context of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform, and its relation to EU expansion and World Trade Organization negotiations. Topics covered include the process of CAP reform, the context and pressures for CAP reform, and prospects for ...

This chapter first discusses multifunctionality and the various non-trade concerns in agriculture (i.e., environment, rural development, and food security). It then outlines the World Trade Organization negotiating positions related to multifunctionality of the USA, the Cairns Group, the EU, Norway ...

This chapter points out that agricultural trade policy-making in the USA is more fragmented than in the EU and also more politicized and less technocratic. These differences and their implications are reviewed, after which there is a discussion of substantive changes in the goals of policy. While...

This chapter considers the emergence of agri-environmental policy and its implementation within the legal framework of the Common Agricultural Policy. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the role that environmental protection may play as an important 'non-trade concern' in the future...