This book (10 chapters) covers radar entomology and its application in the study and monitoring of insect flight and migration. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to both radar and the biological phenomena that entomologists have studied with radars. An outline of alternative and...

This chapter discusses radar entomology and its applications in insect movement research. Techniques on how animal movements can be investigated using radar are outlined. A brief historical account of the origins and development of radar entomology is presented.

In this chapter, the principles of remote sensing are outlined and related to the application of remote sensing in detecting and observing insects. A number of remote sensing methods that can be used to detect and observe insects in flight are described. The best known and most widespread use of...

There is an emphasis on establishing the various contexts within which radar entomology has made and is making its contributions to biological knowledge. Thus, the opening chapter of this book provides a general introduction to both radar and the biological phenomena that entomologists have studied ...

This chapter discusses the concept of radar reflectivity in insects and describes the methods available for measuring the reflecting ability of insects. Key findings on how radio waves are reflected by insects are summarized. Variations in reflecting ability due to wavelength, body axis direction,...

In this chapter, the types of radar that have been used most commonly for entomological observations are described. The process of radar design is outlined and some general design classes (i.e. defined largely by the form of the radaracute˜s beam, whether or not it is moved and whether or not the...

This chapter describes how insects are observed with radars that have been developed specifically for entomological use. Some general classifications of observation type are described and examples of surveillance observations (i.e. the use of a radar scan to detect insects over a wide area or over...

This chapter describes procedures and analyses for quantifying insect activity and for estimating parameters that describe both the targetś motions and their intrinsic nature. An introduction on the various quantities that are to be estimated and analytical procedures used with the two principal...

This chapter focuses on the application of some specialized forms of entomological radar (harmonic radar, Doppler radars, and coherent radar) and non-radar, but radar-like, technologies (these share some features with radar, with most using either radio or sound waves as the information carrier)...

This chapter summarizes current perspectives of what constitutes insect migration, how it can be distinguished from other types of movement, and what function it serves. A description of the medium in which it occurs, i.e. the lower atmosphere, and the atmospheric features and phenomena that affect ...