This chapter introduces the fundamental nature of tourism routes. Sections discuss: the taking and following of routes and trails; routes as ways of describing and defining the movement of travellers; routes and trails as ways of structuring tourism; routes, trails and adventure; and the identity...

This book attempts to overcome past research negligence by focusing exclusively on tourism development, planning and impacts in a wide range of Latin American countries. It aims to widen the documentation and understanding of tourism in the sub-region in the English literature. The book has ten...

Based on long-term anthropological research with Afro-Antillean populations, this chapter documents how Panamanian governments and tourism mediators have created a thriving tourism industry with positive and detrimental consequences in the country. It is argued that due to its wide variety of...

This chapter examines tourism development experiences in both Ecuador and Panama. Based on ethnographic research, it discusses in particular how lifestyle mobilities are experienced in these two countries, which have both become 'best places to retire' locations for North Americans and Western...

The first activity in biological control in Panama concerned import and release of a parasitoid of citrus blackfly in 1931. Later, the development of biocontrol programmes was targeted mainly against pests in sugarcane, vegetables, cantaloupes, watermelons, coffee and rice. In the 1970s, the...

One of the major questions in ecology is how plant species coexist and thus how diversity is maintained. While there are many theories to explain the maintenance of plant species diversity, compelling empirical support exists for very few of them. Here we summarize four major putative theories to...

This chapter presents part of the diagnostic studies that were conducted to evaluate the on-farm, in situ and ex situ conservation status of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) in Mesoamerica, from Mexico to Panama. The assessment of the potential impact of anthropogenic...

This study was conducted to understand how soil C and fine roots change in response to pasture conversion and teak plantation establishment in western Panama. The potential positive or negative effects of teak plantations on physical (bulk density) and chemical soil properties (pH, cation exchange...

This chapter explains that the history of the Kuna people of Panama is constituted of resistance to outsiders - and that tradition continues today with tourists. Although the Kuna are known worldwide for their hand-sewn mola panels, they remain an elusive mystery to the tourists who come to their...

This chapter describes an epiphenomenon wherein tourists, in a condensed time frame, undergo a process of recognizing Marxist alienation in their own lives at home and, subsequently, indulge in delighted relief from that sense of alienation. The study explores the epiphenomenon as it occurs in a...