This chapter makes a clear definition of animal health and how the mental health of animals is related or affected by the physical health of the animals. This chapter likewise discussed how interactions of the macro and micro environments with the individual's genetic, epigenetic, molecular,...

This chapter deals with some of the contentious court cases involving patent eligibility issues in life science areas in several countries, including the European Union (EU), USA, UK and India. Court cases on patent eligibility of thiopurine drugs to treat autoimmune diseases, diagnostic method for ...

This chapter reviews the important role of the gut microbial flora in the healthy state, as well as relevant alterations in their composition during various disease states (i.e., autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, allergies, colorectal cancer).

This chapter explores the immunomodulatory effects of nematode infections which protect the host against autoimmune and allergic diseases. Included are discussions on specific nematode molecules (i.e., Ascaris suum PAS-1, cystatins, Dirofilaria immitis-derived antigen (DiAg), galectin-9 homologue...

The mammalian histidine decarboxylase cDNA encodes for a protein with a molecular mass of 74 kDa that is converted into a 53-55 kDa form during post-translational proteolytic processing through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The resulting enzyme, histidine decarboxylase, converts L-histidine to...

This chapter focuses on regulatory T cells and their role in human nematode infections. The function of regulatory T cells in mouse models and human studies of filarial (Brugia malayi, Litomosoides sigmodontis) and intestinal (Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris...

This chapter reviews the relationship between nutrition, immunity, and non-communicable or chronic diseases. It discusses the separate roles of nutrition and immune systems in cancer and their interactions and the probable role nutrition plays in autoimmune disorders (type 1 diabetes mellitus and...

Much evidence suggests the relationship of malnutrition and infection. With the increasing understanding of the immune system and its functions to protect hosts from infections, the part played by the nutritional status of individuals and the role of specific nutrients in this process are...

Zinc is an important micronutrient found in every cell of the body. Although the essential role of zinc for growth and survival in animals is well known, its role in man was recognized only more recently. This chapter reviews the various physiological and nutritional aspects of zinc, particularly...

This chapter covers the diverse skin conditions observed in working horses. Aids to diagnosis of skin diseases in the horse are given. Focus is given on mange mites, lice, ticks, other skin parasites, flying insects, urticarial reaction, eosinophilic granulomata, viral skin conditions, bacterial...