This chapter emphasizes direct trade in GM crops. It notes that two distinct groupings of countries are emerging in formulations of regulatory regimes for GM foods. One group is the EU 'club' where a combination of bans and restrictions on trade are being implemented. The second group is the North...

This chapter discusses the genesis, purpose and essential provisions of the Biosafety Protocol, followed by a consideration of the interaction between environmental values and international trade agreements. It is pointed out that World Trade Organization agreements, which recognize that ostensible ...

This book examines why genetically modified (GM) agricultural crops that are approved as safe in North America (Canada and the USA) are facing significant regulatory hurdles in gaining access to the European Union. It illustrates the challenge of regulatory regionalism created by social regulatory...