Biological control started to be used in the 1880s in Latin America and the Caribbean and has since developed into a widely applied pest management method. Currently almost 32 million hectares are under classical, more than 31 million hectares under augmentative and hundreds of thousands of...

This chapter describes the effects of weed interference in carrot and suggests non-chemical (including crop rotations and systems, planting timing, false sowing, use of competitive varieties, mechanical or physical method, flame weeding, reduced tillage, cover crops and mulch, and hand weeding) and ...

The first section of this chapter describes the ecological approach to managing non-crop organisms in the garden. The second section briefly describes the common types of pests, pathogens and other organisms (including beneficial organisms) found in gardens. Five sections covers five basic...

This chapter focuses on economic issues in integrated pest management (IPM) in animal and crop production. The types of costs involved in major approaches to IPM were provided. Economic analyses on classical biological control, choice of livestock breed and crop variety, schedule for crop or...

This chapter defines integrated pest management and its components, i.e. cultural, biological and chemical controls. Some of the cultural control methods described include sowing of resistant cultivars and crop rotation, as well as application of interference methods (using pheromones and...

This chapter focuses on the development of strategies to manage arthropod pests of organic grape vineyards, such as nematodes, insects and mites, with relatively little use of pesticides. These strategies include biological control, mating disruption and cultural methods.

This chapter presents information on the major insect pests of organic olive production and the various strategies used in their management, such as biological control, use of behaviour modifying chemicals, insecticides and sterile insect technique, among others.

This chapter discusses the field application of various control and management strategies that may be components of a broad IPM system for cyst nematode management. A summary of the available management strategies for species of cyst nematodes is also presented.

This chapter focuses on the pest species reported on soyabean in different organic production areas. Information on the various strategies in the management of these pests, such as biological control, cultural practices and use of resistant cultivars, along with organic insecticides, are also...

This chapter presents information on the various economically important arthropod and insect pests of hazelnuts, their morphology, life cycle, damage and distribution. The efficacy of various methods (cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical) in the management of these hazelnut pests are also...