There is mounting evidence that climate change will facilitate biological invasions. Regarding alien species relevant for human health, climate change can modify their impacts by altering the likelihood of their introduction, establishment, distribution and abundance, the scale of impacts and...

This chapter focuses on spatial patterns of malaria, especially those of altitudinal shifts, with climate change, emphasizing the need to consider the effect of warmer temperatures on the disease from a regional context rather than a global one. The malaria climate suitability and biogeographically ...

This chapter considers abiotic and biotic factors in detail as separate entities for convenience. Note, however, that most, if not all, of these factors in the environment of a tropical forest insect may be interrelated. Wherever possible, presented are examples from tropical or subtropical forest...

Time is discussed first, giving a number of essential but perhaps rather boring relationships between the continuous time variable, day of month, month and Julian day number. Astronomical equations of biological significance are then developed, covering the sun's elevation and azimuth angles, day...

A study was conducted to analyse the potential benefits of irrigation systems expansion on crop production in different zones of the Cotacachi area (Ecuador) that currently do not have access to irrigation water. Simulation modelling (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer, DSSAT,...