Glyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide on the planet, due to its ability to kill all types of weeds and its perceived non-toxicity to humans. Its usage on core crops in the USA has increased dramatically in the past two decades, in step with an alarming increase in a long list of...

This chapter describes the effects of weed interference in carrot and suggests non-chemical (including crop rotations and systems, planting timing, false sowing, use of competitive varieties, mechanical or physical method, flame weeding, reduced tillage, cover crops and mulch, and hand weeding) and ...

This chapter discusses the history, global status of use and classification of pesticides. Insecticides can be classified on the basis of their target organisms, chemical structure, route of entry and mode of site of action, while fungicides are classified according to their mobility in the plant,...

Pesticides have been reported as contaminants of food products, fruits, vegetables and cereals, processed food, baby food and drinking water; they can be neurotoxic, immunotoxic or endocrine disruptors. This chapter discusses the toxicity and mode of action of neurotoxic and immunotoxic pesticides...

This chapter deals with the relationship between pesticide risk and body characteristics, discussing occupational health-related biological, psychological and social differences. The pesticide-induced health issues in men, women and infants are described, as well as the symptoms and harmful effects ...

This paper describes the establishment of restricted interval of time based on pesticide classification. The classification of pesticides (acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, nematicides and plant growth regulators) based on toxicity is also discussed. The hazard-based...

The ecology of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus), particularly its persistent soil seed bank, the multiple dispersal mechanisms and the ability to reach reproductive maturity quickly, allows it to persist in areas following initial control activities. To attain the desired level of...

This chapter describes damage associated with chemical injury to banana (Musa and Ensete), focusing on injuries caused by agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, pest and disease control chemicals, herbicides, disinfectants, de-suckering agents) and injuries caused by elements (sodium and chlorine,...

This chapter focuses on the history of weed control, together with the development and rapid increase in the use of herbicides. Information on the development of herbicide resistance in weeds are presented and efforts to gain a sense of the scope of the problem and identify ways to help understand...

This chapter looks at the impact of mikania (M. micrantha) in plantation crops and reviews options for its management. A tabulated summary of the various impacts of mikania in plantations and commercial crops in the Asia-Pacific region is provided. Options for controlling mikania in plantations...