Decline in mean annual rainfall of over 10% has been experienced widely in the Eastern Cape over the past 20 years. In many cases, this means that annual rainfall of about 500 mm in the past is now about 400 mm, and the summer seasonal rainfall has declined from 400 mm to 300 mm. This means that...

This chapter examines the core intervention of the Char Development and Settlement Project in water management infrastructure to reduce the damage to different crops from salinity, flooding and water logging and improve the environment for crop growth. Effective management of water resources is...

This chapter examines the concept of sacred sites, what makes them important to travellers and why travellers make such difficult journeys to religious destinations. It explores the literature on the challenges that have arisen in a consumer society where religious tourism is on the increase as...

This chapter reviews the relationship between sanitation and human and environmental health, and the role of human waste as a source of natural fertilizer, and biogas and clean energy. At present, sanitation is widely considered to be part of public health and increasingly as an important part of...

This chapter defines three categories of tourism supply (tourist attractions, tourist facilities and services, and tourism-supporting infrastructure), and describes a number of characteristics of tourism supply such as its perishability, intangibility, rigidity, heterogeneity and others.

Tourism infrastructure consists of the facilities that tourists use when they leave their homes, reach their destinations and return. Two types of infrastructure are discussed: basic infrastructure; and tourism-specific infrastructure.

Boullón's conception of touristic space, which is determined by observing the territorial distribution of tourist attractions and infrastructure, is discussed. Various components of touristic space (zone, area, complex, centre, unit, nucleus, cluster, corridor, transit corridor or visiting...

This chapter presents an overview of the new business environment and the recent and probable future trends in tourism. Many facets are covered such as social, cultural, economic, international, communication, infrastructure, institutional, legal and political factors; ecological aspects; and...

This chapter focuses on the growth and development of religious tourism, with a focus on India. A focus on the potential in India for religious tourism highlights a diversity of religions and religious practices that are geographically and culturally disparate, and a society that exhibits many...

This chapter examines how countries in sub-Saharan Africa seek to enhance their human, institutional, technology and infrastructure capacity to enable them establish a vibrant sustainable economy and enjoy a more vigorous entrepreneurship. It is argued that educational and infrastructure capacity...