This chapter reviews the literature on adventure tourism/recreation focusing on (i) adventure products, (ii) impacts (ecological impacts, social impacts and conflicts, and economic impacts), (iii) risks and accidents, and (iv) participant perceptions and psychology.

This review considers the impacts on the natural environment of commonly used off highway vehicles (OHVs) including 4-wheel drive vehicles, smaller all-terrain vehicles, larger tundra buggies, trailbikes and snowmobiles. These impacts, can, however, be reduced considerably through careful driving...

This chapter reviews published scientific literature on the impacts of ecotourism on birds in an attempt to identify any general patterns and to illustrate the degree of variation. It draws on two previous reviews [See Journal of Environmental Management (1992) 36, 253-286 and Liddle, M.J. ...

Land managers need to know the impacts of different recreational activities in different environments. Different impacts are critical in different ecosystems. Localized, direct, lasting impacts, which are cheap and easy to measure, such as trampling, have been studied much more than diffuse,...

This chapter (1) provides a historical context of the development of the literature on the impacts of hiking and camping on soils and vegetation, (2) discusses the types of studies that have been employed (each with inherent strengths and weaknesses) and (3) briefly assesses the geographical...

This chapter provides a state of knowledge review of some of the most recent research concerned with the environmental impacts of horse riding as a recreational activity. The perspective is derived from studies carried out in the USA and Australia, but the results and conclusions derived from this...

This review characterizes tourboat operators and their impacts based on technical knowledge and information collected from interviews with Australian operators in seven geographical regions. It also summarizes cases published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature that describe impacts of any...

This chapter provides a concise overall review of the main findings of studies undertaken in the past on motorized recreational boating on inland waters and their effects on aquatic ecosystems. This review has been structured around three main types of impact: physical impacts, chemical impacts,...