Cases of small-scale farmers who have both organic and Fair Trade certification in Asia are analysed and summarized in this chapter. It first reviews the literature on the benefits of organic and Fair Trade production, and particularly the benefits of organic and Fair Trade coffee and cotton...

This chapter investigates and compares the livelihood impacts of Fair Trade and/or organic certification for smallholder coffee farmers in primary cooperatives in Ethiopia, India and Nicaragua. The quantitative findings of this chapter show that certification on average has a differential impact in ...

This chapter discusses some major outcomes and suggestions derived from the case studies on consumers and producers of both Fair Trade and organic products presented in this book. The way forward is also determined by further research needs which will have to be addressed in the future.

This chapter provides an overview of the organic agriculture and Fair Trade certification bodies, and discusses how organic agriculture and Fair Trade differ with respect to scope, consumer motivation, certification, microfinance institutions and price mechanisms.

This chapter introduces the main methodological tools for the conduct of research on organic agriculture and Fair Trade. Two groups of tool boxes are presented: (1) methods that are based on the tenets of welfare economics and can be categorized under the umbrella of cost-benefit analysis; and (2)...

This chapter examines the impact of organic as well as a double (organic and Fair Trade) certification on material input costs, using data collected in 2012 from smallholder black pepper farmers in India. An important outcome is that, contrary to conventional expectations, organic and double...

This chapter provides an overview of the historical evolution and recent trends in Fair Trade (FT) and organic certifications for producer organizations in Latin America. It starts by outlining an FT theory of change and identifying the additional mechanisms by which organic certification can alter ...

This chapter develops a conceptual model of farmer-business relationships under certification and highlights the main arguments using empirical data. In particular, it shows that signalling reliability and building up a reputation of trust and respect increase the likelihood of successful...