This handbook comprises seven chapters that deal specifically, as far as possible, with various aspects of insect toxins. Chapter 1 introduces the subject with an emphasis on definitions and the role of toxins as a whole. Avoidance of allelochemicals on the basis of their toxicity is an outcome of...

The present volume is an attempt to compile all the data as a single text comprising seven chapters that deal specifically, as far as possible, with various aspects of insect toxins but excluding insect antifeedants discussed in another volume. It also discusses the concepts and mechanisms involved ...

Avoidance of allelochemicals (including phytochemicals) on the basis of their toxicity is an outcome of interactions at various physiological levels. This chapter discusses the concepts and mechanisms involved in the process. The data available today on botanicals suggests that they have diverse...

In relation to the response of insects to allelochemicals (including phytochemicals or plant extracts), evaluation is important, and so various bioassay procedures have been developed. These are discussed in this chapter and are both generalist as well as species specific. The bioassay techniques...

The overall picture from various evaluations shows that small structural variations can produce drastic changes in the activity profile of compounds. Various functional groups present in the active molecules, when examined critically, provide crucial information about the optimal relative...

This chapter discusses the impact of botanical toxins (including essential oils and transgenic plants expressing protease inhibitors) on predators and parasitoids and brings forth the possibility of their potential as safe insect control agents.

Many extracts and individual allelochemicals from plant sources have given excellent results in laboratory conditions. In field situations, only a few are satisfactory alternatives to traditional pest management. Are any such potential commercial products available and, if so, how far have they...

This chapter is based on the bioefficacy of plant materials and is divided into two sections: Section A, which considers the bioefficacy of isolated compounds; and Section B, which covers the bioefficacy of extracts, oils and mixtures. Relevant information on approximately 700 isolated compounds...

This book aims (1) to lay out the historical underpinnings of the areawide pest (including weeds, plant and stored grain insect pests) management (AWPM) and to highlight current activity in the field; (2) to delve into concepts that have direct impact on the successful implementation of AWPM, which ...

The objectives of areawide pest management (AWPM) have been directed to enhance the efficacy of non-pesticidal systems for pest control by reducing non-essential neurotoxins and to systematically reduce a target pest below a low residual level through the use of uniformly applied control measures...