In this chapter, the reader will learn the proper use of electricity and carbon dioxide during stunning as well as effective stunning that reliably renders an animal unconscious and on the required and right equipment to be used. Also tips on the management of who will pay close attention to both...

This chapter provides information on the common response of pawpaws (Carica papaya) to water stress, including chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage, water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂. Pawpaw can tolerate some water deficit without significant...

This book contains topics on the role of climatic factors on the epidemiology, prevalence, distribution, prevention and control of fish diseases. The 25 chapters that are divided into three main parts that discuss freshwater ecosystems and biological sequestrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide;...

This chapter discusses the two processes involved in biological sequestration (i.e. the oceanic sequestration through fertilization and terrestrial sequestration) and describes the role of plants as natural carbon sinks. The use of genetic engineering approaches to enhance phytosequestration of...

This chapter presents an overview (both and current) on climate change and non-infectious and infectious fish disorders. Highlight of this chapter focused on the following: weather and climate change, atmospheric warming and atmospheric carbon dioxide, milankovitch cycles, seasonal changes,...

This chapter discussed how climate change can induce behaviour-environment mismatches in fish. Highlights of the chapter focused on how maladaptive behaviours, or behavioural disorders, may arise in response to climate change including increased water temperature, carbon dioxide and decreased...

In this chapter the effect of climate change on ionoregulation in fishes was discussed. Ionoregulation in fishes is essential for survival and success, and osmoregulatory failure is often observed as a precursor to death. The two main climate change factors that are considered in this chapter are:...

This chapter discusses the normal and abnormal acid–base parameters and analysis of the oxygenation/ventilation status in cats and dogs.

The equipment and procedure for performing capnography in cats and dogs are described.

As a functional group, seagrasses form highly productive ecosystems present along the coasts of all continents (except Antarctica), where they rival tropical rainforests and coral reefs in ecosystem services (Costanza et al., 1997; Fourqurean et al., 2012). Unfortunately, seagrasses are diminishing ...