This chapter presents an empirical analysis of the tourist destination of Bandung in Indonesia to discuss some of the theoretical constructs of commoditization in community-based tourism and to explore how local resources are made available as an alternative to the dominant doctrines of...

Collecting goshuin (shrine or temple seal) stamps has a long tradition in Japanese society. These stamps attest to the authenticity of religious experiences and mobilities. Despite Japanese society's secularism in modern times, religious practice and pilgrimage routes have sustained themselves by...

This chapter focuses on tradition and its relationship to tourism. It looks at how tradition is portrayed in 'Not in front of the Tourists', a British TV documentary on Turkey, as highly vulnerable to international capital. 'Authentic' traditional life is replaced by commerce and commoditization,...

This chapter discusses tourism's possible social consequences in less developed countries and relates these to social problems, as perceived by key actors in the continued tension between tradition and modernity. The chapter focuses on economic and social institutions which are exposed, changed or...

This book with 12 chapters is divided into three parts, viz., genomics, genetic engineering, and commercialization. Part I (Chapters 1 to 5) is focused on describing genomic methods, their application to the characterization of woody perennials, and the results derived from these analyses. Chapter...

Growing genetically engineered (GE) plants in the field for either research or commercial purposes, or moving them across state/national borders, is carefully regulated by the government of the USA. This chapter describes which agencies are involved and the process for getting the required...

This chapter demonstrates and explores the motivations of individuals attending the annual pilgrimage of Hajj in the holy cities of Makkah and Medina in Saudi Arabia. The chapter further highlights the development of the country from a commercial aspect as well as the use of modern technology to...

This chapter examines the diminishing religious cultural heritage of holy Makkah and Medina in Saudi Arabia due to commercialization of the Hajj. The main focus of this chapter is how mosques and vital historical sites witnessed from the time of the Prophet Muhammad have been demolished, as have...

Essentially a combination of the notions of tourism and English language teaching, TEFL tourism is introduced in this book as a micro-niche tourism form designed to satisfy the demands for English language teachers around the globe. By assessing the commodification of TEFL and demonstrating...

This chapter examines the progressive changes seen within the industry of teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) and the way in which commercial, public and NGO bodies operate within it. It is indicated that while the ideals of TEFL may lie in the likes of philanthropy and community...