The Apiaceae family is a complex group of plants in which many species are similar and difficult to identify. Once the species is identified, it is often still quite complex at the infraspecific level because of many existing variations (habit, leaf, umbel organization, sexuality of flowers). This...

This chapter focuses on the different pruning and training practices for various blackberry types (trailing, erect and semi-erect) and noting the important differences by production region.

This chapter focuses on the production systems used by growers of trailing, erect and semi-erect blackberries in the USA and other important production regions in the world.

All legume crops benefit from the symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium which ensures a sufficient supply of nitrate through fixation to maintain growth and development of the mature crop. In agricultural systems, this supply of nitrogen is environmentally beneficial by reducing the crop's...

The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an octoploid species derived from the hybridization of two wild octoploid species, Fragaria chiloensis and Fragaria virginiana, in the middle of the 1700s in a botanical garden of Versailles in France. This chapter describes the history of strawberry breeding ...

Recommendations on eliminating bad odour of urine as well as layer of (rabbit) droppings covering the floor near the areas where rabbits are placed are discussed. Preferred and safe litter for rabbits are also discussed.

The grain legumes are important sources of protein in animal and human diets. This chapter provides an overview of some basic aspects of their biology and production in Europe. All early agricultural societies apparently domesticated a grain legume at much the same time as a cereal, perhaps...

This chapter summarizes research on seed dispersal vectors (water, wind and animals), and the factors (including seed size and chemical composition, and plant habit) that determine when and where seeds are moved. The effects of seed dispersal on plant genetic structure at the population and...

This chapter focuses on taxonomy of the genus Persea, including keys to the species. The gross morphology, architecture and growth habit of the cultivated avocado tree is also discussed as a basis for a better understanding of tree management and manipulation.