This chapter focuses on the environmental responsibility of tourism business enterprises. It combines the existing literature with a selected case (the Sundarbans in Bangladesh) that has faced catastrophic environmental circumstances due to irresponsible business practices in recent times. After...

To complement the protection provided by the embankments and other infrastructure, the Char Development and Settlement Project (CDSP) in Bangladesh, in cooperation with the Forest Department, established protective plantations of trees on mud flats, foreshores and embankments using a social...

This chapter presents updates on current conditions and expected changes on key abiotic parameters (i.e., temperature, rainfall, circulation, seawater carbonate chemistry, sea level, salinity, oxygen, nutrients) and the range of predicted impacts on key tropical marine and brackish water...

Salt-tolerant plants occur all over the world in a number of different ecosystems, ranging from pristine alkaline semi-deserts and mangrove forests; through semi-natural meadows and pastures; to man-made habitats such as the environs of graduation towers; over irrigated arable lands with poor...

This chapter examines the hydrology of forested areas that are subject to soil saturation by precipitation, groundwater or surface flooding. They include mangroves and other tidal forests, the forested portions of peatlands and tree-dominated wetlands defined by the Ramsar Convention. They also...

This chapter discusses the factors (climate, soils and topography, and disturbance) determining the type and distribution of different forest types (tropical forest, tropical rain forest, tropical moist deciduous forest, tropical dry forest, subtropical humid forest, subtropical dry forest,...

We contend there are currently two competing scenarios for the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas of South-east Asia. First, a landscape approach where farming techniques for small-scale producers are integrated into intertidal areas in a way that the ecological...

The consequences of coastal degradation can be devastating, particularly in highly populated and sensitive areas such as deltas. Innovative approaches and tools are required to minimize these impacts and for sustainable management. The high complexity, diversity, dynamics and large-scale...

Mangrove rehabilitation projects often fail to achieve their goals because hydrological aspects are not taken into account. This is understandable since the only hydrological tool available for such projects is the classification by Watson (1928), developed for mangrove forests in regions with a...

The coastline of Brazil stretches approximately 8400 km, with a continental shelf area of 822,800 km² and a declared exclusive economic zone of approximately 4.5 million km². Mangroves are the dominant coastal vegetation, particularly in the north of the country, covering an area of 13,400 km²,...