Organophosphorus (OP) compounds were developed as pesticides in the 1930s, including the discovery of the even more toxic compounds later called nerve agents. Newspapers in the Western world focus on the individual dissemination of nerve agents during the Iraq or Syrian war. In contrast, more than...

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are one of the most widely used insecticides in the world and concern about the effects of OPs on human health has been growing as they are increasingly used throughout the world. The neurotoxic effects of high-level acute poisoning are well established, but the...

Pesticides have been reported as contaminants of food products, fruits, vegetables and cereals, processed food, baby food and drinking water; they can be neurotoxic, immunotoxic or endocrine disruptors. This chapter discusses the toxicity and mode of action of neurotoxic and immunotoxic pesticides...

This chapter discussed some of the known bovine diseases that are without lesions highlighting their clinical aspects, aetiology, and diagnosis. Highlighted diseases in this chpater includes: botulism, tetanus, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, nervous ketosis, urea toxicity (ammonia toxicosis), acute...

This chapter covers the different causes of poisoning and sudden death in pigs. The toxicity, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of mycotoxins, plant toxins, drugs and chemical poisons are discussed as well as that of the non-infectious and infectious causes of sudden death.

This chapter presents the different plants, substances, metals, toxins and compounds that are toxic to horses. The clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of poisoning by acorns, algae, amitraz, arsenic, avocado, bracken, cantharidin, carbamates, castor bean, chlorinated hydrocarbons, copper,...

Minimizing phosphorus (P) wastes is a key factor for environmental sustainability of freshwater aquaculture operations. A dynamic model was constructed to simulate P utilization in salmonid fish through digestion, body deposition and excretion into urine and faeces. Dietary P was classified into...

This paper provides a broad, and by no means comprehensive, review of approaches that have been used historically and that are currently in use to measure organic phosphorus, and to isolate, quantify and characterize individual organic phosphorus species in sediments, soils, waters and extracts....

This paper reviews the use of ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for soil, water and other environmental samples (i.e., forest floor material, alkaline agricultural soil, marine sediment, sewage sludge and humic acid). After a brief overview of the principles of NMR spectroscopy, the ...

This paper begins with a review of basic mass spectrometry techniques, with an emphasis on the more advanced techniques that have been developed for studies of large biomolecules. A discussion of the new soft ionization techniques that make large-molecule mass spectrometry possible (electrospray...