This chapter presents updates on current conditions and expected changes on key abiotic parameters (i.e., temperature, rainfall, circulation, seawater carbonate chemistry, sea level, salinity, oxygen, nutrients) and the range of predicted impacts on key tropical marine and brackish water...

This chapter discussed the effects of climate change, dissolved gases and pH, water currents, turbidity and light levels and contaminants on the feeding patterns and activity of fish such as habitat ranges and migration patterns as well as on tropic food webs and interactions, and ecosystem...

This chapter discussed how climate change can induce behaviour-environment mismatches in fish. Highlights of the chapter focused on how maladaptive behaviours, or behavioural disorders, may arise in response to climate change including increased water temperature, carbon dioxide and decreased...

This chapter describes the equipment, procedures and efficacy of dry cleaning, soaking with water and a cleaning product, high pressure cleaning and drying and the use, efficacy and resistance to different types of disinfectants in animal disease prevention and control.

This chapter discussed the health problems (mainly digestive) linked to the balance of dietary components and the presence of nutrients in excess, mainly in relation to the initial composition of feed ingredients, but also to the feeding strategy. Also highlighted are the feeding strategies (feed...

This chapter offers a short description of the importance of livestock production chains for South American countries, and covers initiatives used in Brazil, Chile and Uruguay to reduce bruising and other damage to beef and pork carcasses. It is shown that after training truck drivers and handlers, ...

The conventional forms of oral dosage have significant disadvantages including poor bioavailability in hepatic metabolism and drug degradation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract due to enzymes and different pH ranges in these tracts. One effective route for drug absorption into the body and then...

The effects of different water quality parameters on aquacultured species and how to measure and maintain these parameters at optimum levels are discussed.

The ornithine and lysine decarboxylation systems are involved in the production of putrescine and cadaverine in a number of enterobacteria, lactic acid bacteria and other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Typically, they are composed of a specific amino acid decarboxylase and a membrane...

This chapter focuses on the intrinsic and extrinsic environmental factors that impact microorganisms in foods. Intrinsic factors include moisture content and water activity, pH and acidity, nutrient content, redox potential, antimicrobial chemicals, competitive microflora, and homogeneity....