Acid rain is known as the 'air killer' because of its devastating damage to the ecosystem. As the major factor in the terrestrial ecosystem, the toxic effect of acid rain on plants has attracted more attention of researchers. The loss in agriculture and forestry caused by acid rain aggravates the...

This chapter provides information on the common response of pawpaws (Carica papaya) to water stress, including chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage, water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂. Pawpaw can tolerate some water deficit without significant...

This chapter focuses on the potential effects from a range of environmental factors (sunlight, temperature and water availability) on pawpaw development, i.e. photosynthesis, productivity and whole plant physiology.

This chapter focuses on models of vegetable growth and development. Mathematical models, empirical crop models, mechanistic crop models, modeling spatial aspects of plant growth, genomic models, and modeling produce quality are discussed. Models used to provide information on light interception and ...

This chapter provides information on anatomy and morphology, photoperiod and temperature regulation of development, dormancy, cold hardiness, photosynthesis and carbon allocation patterns, water relations, and plant nutrition of strawberries.

Air, water, soil and light are the basic resources essential for plants in food gardens. But how do plants use each of these to live and grow to produce the benefits we want, either through their harvest, their appearance, aroma, or other characteristics? This chapter explore answers to this...

This chapter provides comprehensive information on the overall biology and ecology of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). It provides specific details on the taxonomy, plant distinguishing characteristics, its likely centre of origin, genetics and intraspecific diversity, growth,...

In this chapter, current information on the taxonomy and distribution of M. micrantha are summarized, followed by a review of relevant details on its life cycle and physiological ecology. The last of these topics has received much attention over recent years and advances have been made in...

This chapter discusses carbon assimilation, water use, and the effects of environmental factors (such as temperature, irradiation, water stress, flooding, carbon dioxide enrichment, hail and salinity) on morphological, anatomical and physiological features, as well as adaptations, of pineapple.

This chapter focuses on solar radiation and its role in the net photosynthesis of single leaves. Information on the solar radiation interception and dry matter accumulation in crop stands are also presented.