This chapter focuses on the 'apply' set of functions. These functions are for those who need to process very large datasets, or who need to perform loop-type operations on largish datasets but perhaps in a nested fashion.

This chapter contains example of pests species feeding on leaves. Leaf pests comprise a big section of biters, either munchers or miners, and a small section of suckers that are mainly apical and use their sophisticated mouthparts to tap into the plant's vascular system.

This chapter presents an argument for the need for a team. It describes a traditional interaction between phytosanitary risk managers and risk assessors and follows this up with a description of an ideal set of interactions. It concludes with the qualities of a good team and a discussion of the...

This chapter presents a conceptual holistic approach to risk management. It considers risk management as part of a larger process. The chapter also presents a number of models that are useful to aid one's big-picture thinking about risk management and reviews some of the seminal phytosanitary risk...

This chapter introduces the risk management model that is proposed as a template for those national plant protection organization (NPPOs) with a desire to update and improve their approach to risk management.

This chapter focuses on the history of pest management and some primary causes of pest outbreaks. The importance of stakeholders in pest management is also discussed in detail.

This chapter provides both a basic framework of information on sampling, monitoring and forecasting and an insight into some of the problems confronting scientists working in the field of pest management.

This book contains 12 chapters focusing on the current trends in sweet cherry production, cherry flowering, fruiting and cultivars, sweet cherry rootstocks, planning a new cherry orchard, orchard establishment and production, the fundamentals of sweet cherry pruning, various sweet cherry training...

This chapter provides information on the various economically important insect and arthropod pests causing damage to cherry production, such as Rhagoletis indifferens, Drosophila suzukii, Choristoneura rosaceana, Tetranychus urticae and Caliroa cerasi, among others. Notes on their life cycle,...