This book serves as a practical guide to describe physical bunch and oil analysis of oil palms. It covers various topics on bunch and oil analysis, health and safety considerations, bunch sampling, physical bunch analysis of stalks, spikelets, fruits and nuts, fruit sampling, nut analysis and...

A brief history of bunch analysis of the oil palm crop is provided. This includes bunch components (stalk, spikelets, fruits, mesocarp, nuts, shell and kernels) and oil yield analysis. These parameters are used by oil palm breeders to analyse the oil yield potentials (e.g. quantity and quality...

Fresh fruit bunches harvested from the field should be transferred to the physical analysis laboratory as soon as possible to determine: bunch sample weight; the fruit type (Dura, Tenera and Pisifera); stalk weight; total number of spikelets in the bunch; percentage of fertile fruits in the bunch...

This chapter presents an overview of barley genetic improvement through the induction of single gene mutations and multiple gene mutations, and through phenotypic screening and selection. Photographs of various barley mutant phenotypes (caryopsis, germination, first leaf, seedling, tillering, leaf, ...