This chapter provides information on the ethnobotany and traditional medicine, chemical composition (such as phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, fatty acids, and alkaloids), functional/health benefit, and drug interaction of pomegranate.

This introductory chapter presents the history of apple cider production and industry in the USA. It also describes the classification of cider apple cultivars and the quantification of cider apple juice titratable acidity and tannin levels.

Evidence of the existence of a wide range of secondary compounds and proteins in plants with pharmacological activity or with the potential to cause adverse effects in other living organisms is now firmly embedded in the scientific literature. The term 'phytotoxins' is conventionally used to...

In some salty areas of South America, and especially in central Argentina, high levels of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) are found together with sodium chloride (NaCl). Plant species show differences in their susceptibility to growth in the presence of these salts. Some studies showed that Na₂SO₄ may...

The complexity of the rumen microbial ecosystem supports the efficient conversion of various carbohydrates to volatile fatty acids for fulfilling host energy requirement via stepwise disposal of hydrogen (H₂) through the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to methane (CH₄). Although, this mechanism...

This 395-paged-book aims to raise awareness among scientists, academics, students, livestock farmers and policy makers of the twin inter-related and inter-dependent complex mechanisms of livestock rearing and climate change. The contents are divided into sections: one on livestock production, one...

This chapter is organized into five topics: (i) redox misbalance, discussing the interaction of light of different wavelengths with different organisms inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species with an emphasis on singlet oxygen; (ii) singlet oxygen: general properties, detection methods...

This chapter presents the nutritional (protein, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins and fibre) and antinutritional (tannins and saponins) components of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds, and describes the utilization of quinoa as fodder and food with regard to presence of these components....

This book chapter describes the sources of natural antioxidants, the 3 antioxidant enzymes which play significant roles in protecting cells from oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), and the various antioxidant phytochemicals (anthocyanins, flavonoids,...

In this chapter, the relation of secondary metabolites to poisonous effects of plants is discussed. The secondary plant metabolites include compounds from many different structural classes. Toxic and anti-nutritional agents are found within the following, among others: macromolecular polyphenolic...