This concluding chapter suggests that the coronavirus crisis and its consequences can be considered from the perspective of chaos theory. This proposes that chaotic systems - including tourism - although subject to periods of disorder or chaos, inevitably self-organize into a new form of order and...

This chapter discusses various perspectives, theories and aspects of culture in order to lay the foundation for an approach to intercultural communication, competence and interaction discussed in succeeding chapters.

This practitioner reflection reports on 30 years of training agroecological farmers in various African contexts. It argues that good theory should be drawn out of good practice, to help farmers to adapt to climate change while producing nourishing food sustainably. Currently, training is often...

This book contains 23 chapters divided into seven parts. Part I reviews the key hypotheses in invasion ecology that invoke biotic interactions to explain aspects of plant invasion dynamics; and reviews models, theories and hypotheses on how invasion performance and impact of introduced species in...

This chapter analyses how the approach to strategy had diverged and presents criticisms of traditional management. Failures and consequences are dissected. The chapter then introduces the first re-foundation movement and the New Strategic Theory (NST). A number of principles and key changes in the...

This chapter considers stakeholder engagement as a critical and core activity of strategic management that will ultimately lead to competitive advantage in tourism. The chapter begins by defining stakeholders and outlining social exchange theory and stakeholder theory. It then goes on to discuss...

The aim of this chapter is to suggest a range of social media marketing messages that may motivate consumers to join online brand communities. To do that, the chapter begins with a brief history of social media and an outline of the effects of Web 2.0. Further, to understand the 21st-century online ...

This chapter takes a pragmatic approach to the theories surrounding the service concept, service quality and managing services. It begins with a discussion on the background to the topic and outlines some of the external issues influencing organizations operating in the eating-out market. It then...

Completely updated and revised, and now published in its 6th edition, this book includes 20 chapters providing an essential overview of infectious diseases for almost 25 years. A comprehensive yet synoptic account of infectious diseases, it covers theory, epidemiology and control, then...

This chapter discusses the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions and its application to tourism consumption.