The physical environment of an animal is sometimes altered if it is found to cause problems for animal welfare. These changes are commonly quite specific (making changes to space, food, aspects of housing design such as flooring, or other environmental factors such as air quality) and may be...

Globalization and global issues affect all animals, particularly those kept primarily for monetary reasons. This contributes to internationalism: activity by individuals or groups on an international basis, including sharing of information. We discuss the impacts on animal welfare of the increasing ...

This third edition of "Animal Welfare" has 407 pages and is divided into five parts. Part I, Issues, introduces the background and philosophy of the subject. Part II covers problems for animal welfare, starting in chapter 3 with the animal's interactions with its environment. The following four...

This chapter describes and discusses different views of our moral responsibilities towards animals. First, we explain the importance of reasoning about animal ethics, rather than relying on feelings and intuitions alone. Second, we present and discuss different ethical views regarding animals. We...

In this chapter, we introduce some of the principal issues that have arisen in relation to scientific approaches to animal welfare, most of which are treated in more detail later in this book. Much of the apparent disagreement between people about animal welfare stems from mixing up scientific...

Challenges are there to be overcome, seen usually as problems to avoid rather than as opportunities to enjoy. However, for humans a life without challenge would be likely to be dull and boring, lacking the enthusiasm and satisfaction that come with individual development. Could this also be true...

It has been argued that the recommendation of 'freedom from hunger and thirst' leads to confusion because it is generally assumed that hunger and thirst are required 'triggers' for an animal to start feeding or drinking. Here, we consider what constitutes 'normal' feeding and drinking behaviour....

Pain in animals is a significant welfare concern that occurs under a variety of circumstances - for example, as a result of methods of housing or husbandry, following surgical procedures, or as a result of disease processes. The problems associated with pain are exacerbated by our limited ability...

Concern for animal welfare stems from the recognition that animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing negative emotions like fear, pain and frustration. Fear is a major emotion determining how animals perceive and respond to their social and physical environment. We tackle three main...

Captivity often restricts animals' abilities to perform natural behaviour and explore novel stimuli. Here, we review how this constraint affects psychological welfare by preventing the meeting of motivations. One means by which this happens is through frustrating specific motivations pertaining to...