This book addresses the interface between the law of international trade as it relates to agriculture, the emerging legal and economic order for agricultural trade under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and their impact on agricultural policy reform in the EU and the USA. The...

After an introductory discussion of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) and current World Trade Organization negotiations, this chapter reviews the three categories of domestic support for agriculture under the URAA. These categories are: the amber box, which contains policies that...

This chapter first discusses multifunctionality and the various non-trade concerns in agriculture (i.e., environment, rural development, and food security). It then outlines the World Trade Organization negotiating positions related to multifunctionality of the USA, the Cairns Group, the EU, Norway ...

This chapter considers the impact of World Trade Organization agreements and negotiations on agricultural policy reform in the EU and the USA. The United States Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 and the Mid-term Review of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy are discussed. Issues under...

This chapter discusses: (1) the development of multifunctional agriculture in the European Community prior to the Agenda 2000 reforms; (2) the commencement of the Agenda 2000 reforms, including the pressures that have promoted changes in policy; (3) the multifunctional elements of the measures...

This chapter addresses how the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) has altered US patent law, with specific reference to the protection of intellectual property in biotechnology, and discusses each type of US intellectual-property protection available to...

This chapter examines the intellectual-property rights of relevance to agricultural biotechnology: patents and sui generis rights in plant varieties, and how these rights are dealt with in the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The first part of the chapter...

The first part of this chapter explores how EU regulation of genetically modified (GM) products addresses the question of risk. It becomes clear that the EU is in the process of tightening risk regulation in relation to GM produce. Not only has the range of potential risks assessed within risk...

This chapter discusses the genesis, purpose and essential provisions of the Biosafety Protocol, followed by a consideration of the interaction between environmental values and international trade agreements. It is pointed out that World Trade Organization agreements, which recognize that ostensible ...

This chapter considers the emergence of agri-environmental policy and its implementation within the legal framework of the Common Agricultural Policy. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the role that environmental protection may play as an important 'non-trade concern' in the future...